英語句子成分和英語句子結構講解及練習,表語系動詞之后的成分表示主語的性質狀態和特征,英語句子成分和英語句子結構講解及練習,主謂賓結構主語及物動詞賓語昨晚我寫了一封信。
英語句子成分和英語句子結構講解及練習
英語句子成分和英語句子結構講解及練習
主語(subject):句子說明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)Helikesdancing.(代詞)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數詞)Seeingisbelieving.(動名詞)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主語從句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
(It形式主語,主語從句是真正主語)
謂語(predicate):說明主語的動作、狀態和特征。
WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
表語(predicative):系動詞之后的成分,表示主語的性質、狀態和特征。
Heisateacher.(名詞)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代詞)Fiveandfiveisten.(數詞)Heisasleep.(形容詞)
Hisfatherisin.(副詞)Thepictureisonthewall(介詞短語)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容詞化的分詞)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表語從句)
(常見的系動詞有:be,sound(聽起來),look(看起來),feel(摸起來,smell(聞起來),taste(嘗、吃起來),
remain(保持,仍是),feel(感覺)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.
賓語:1)動作的承受者-----動賓
IlikeChina.(名詞)Hehatesyou.(代詞)
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(數詞)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(動名詞)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(賓語從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓
Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)雙賓語-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
賓補:對賓語的補充,全稱為賓語補足語。
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’t
comehere.(名)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容詞)Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(帶to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(現在分詞)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(過去分詞)主補:對主語的補充。
Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
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定語:修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名詞)Heisourfriend.(代詞)
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Webelongtothethirdworld.(數詞)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容詞)
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinher
armsismysister.(介詞)
TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(現在分詞)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(過去分詞)
Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定語從句)
狀語:用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。
(以下例句按上述順序排列)
Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthe
meetingroom.
Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.Hestudieshardtolearn
Englishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
句子結構
簡單句的五個基本句型
主語+不及物動詞Shecame./Myheadaches.
主語+及物動詞+賓語ShelikesEnglish.
主語+系動詞+主語補語Sheishappy.
主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook.
Sheboughtabookforme.
主語+賓補動詞+賓語+賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
(There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.)
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