初中英語句子成分和句子結構講解及練習,表語系動詞之后的成分表示主語的性質狀態和特征,介詞后的名詞代詞和動名詞介賓,六定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞詞組或句子。
初中英語復習——句子結構
一.句型精講
Somethinguseful:
S=Subject(主語);V=Verb(謂語動詞);
P=Predicative(表語);O=Object(賓語);
INO=IndirectObject(間接賓語);
DO=DirectObject(直接賓語);
OC=ObjectComplement(賓語補足語)
1S+V
此句型的特點是:謂語動詞是不及物動詞,本身能表達完整的意思,后面不需跟賓語,但有時可跟副詞、介詞短語等作狀語。如:
Helaughed.
Johnhasreadwidely.
HelivesinLondon.
2S+V+O
此句型的特點是:謂語動詞是及物動詞,不能表達完整的意思,必須跟有一個賓語。如:
Ourteambeatalltheothers.
3S+V+P
此句型的特點是:謂語動詞是連系動詞,不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個表明主語特征、身份、狀態的表語。常見的系動詞有:be(是),become(成為),get(變得),turn(變得),grow(變得),look(看起來),feel(感到),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如:
Therosesmellssweet.
4S+V+INO+DO
此句型的特點是:謂語動詞跟有兩個賓語,這兩個賓語都是動作的對象或承受者,其中指人的是間接賓語,指物的是直接賓語。當間接賓語放在直接賓語之后時,通常需要加介詞for或to。可跟雙賓語的動詞有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等。如:
Mr.Litoldusaninterestingstory.
WouldyoupleasegivethisdictionarytoLiHua?
5S+V+O+OC
此句型的特點是:謂語動詞雖然跟有一個賓語,但意思還不完整,必須加上另外一個成分(賓語補足語)對賓語進行補充說明。可以用作賓語補足語的有:名詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語等。如:Wemustkeepourschoolclean.
Theymadehimtheirmonitor.
二.鞏固練習:
請判斷下列句子的結構類型
1.Heisrunning.
2.Theloudvoicefromtheupstairsmadehimangry.
3.Thelittleboyisaskingtheteacherallkindsofquestions.
4.Sheseemedangry.
5.Myfatherboughtmeabeautifulpresent.
6.Whydoyoukeepyoureyesclosed?
7.Willyoutellusanexcitingstory?
8.Wemustkeepourclassroomtidyandclean.
9.Iheardthebabycryinginthesittingroom.
10.Canyoupushthewindowopen?
11.Birdssingbeautifully.
12.Igiveyouhelp.
13.Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.
14.Heisaboy.
15.Iwishyoutostay.
16.Hesentabooktome.
17.Claisover.
18.WelikeEnglish.
19.Heisingoodhealth.
20.Isenthimabook.
21.Heisexcited.
22.Thefilmisinteresting.
23.Ilikemusic.
24.WenamedourbabyTom.
25.Thisismine.
26.IboughtMayabook.
27.Imakeyouclear.
28.Ilikeher.
29.Sheisbeautiful.
30.Heboughtacoatforme.
31.Hepaintedthewallwhite.
三.判斷下列句子是狀語從句還是賓語從句
1、DoyouknowhowmuchhotwaterMumneeds?
2.Wedidn’tcatchthetrainbecausewegotuplate.
3.Youwillbelateunleyouleaveimmediately.
4、Canyoutellmewhereheis?
5、Ididn’tknowhowtheywouldgotoLondon?
6.Johnfellasleepwhilehewaslisteningtothemusic.
7.Thebookwassointerestingthathereaditforthreehours
8、Iwanttoknowhowlonghehasbeenback
9.Iwon’tgotobeduntilIfinishit.
10、Doyouknowwhatthenewsis?
11.Ididn’tyougosurfinglastSundaybecauseIhadabadheadache.
句型結構小測題---判斷句子結構類型
1Thestudentsworkveryhard.
2Yesterdayherfatherboughtherabicycleasabirthdaypresent.
3Thebomadehimdotheworkallday.
4Thepicturelooksmorebeautifulatacertaindistance.
5Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening.
6Thiskindoffoodtastesterrible.
7Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.
8Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.
9Keepthechildrenquiet,please.
10Wefoundhimanhonestperson
初中英語分析句子結構練習題·
一.分析句子結構
1.Timefliesby.
2.I’monadiet.
3.Iownyouone.
4.Itslippedmymind.
5.Oldhabitsdiehard.
6.Ienjoyyourcompany.
7.Ican’tstandtheheat.
8.Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.
9.HespeaksEnglishwell.
10.TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.
11.Theyfoundthedeadboy.
12.Theyfoundtheboydead.
13.Ifoundthebookeasily.
14.Ifoundthebookeasy.
15.TomfoundJimanapartment.
16.WefoundJohnaloyalfriend.’
17.Iwillfindyouagoodteacher.
18.Shewillmakehimagoodwife.
19.Shewillmakehimagoodhusband.
20.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.
21.Wethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldattendthemeeting.
22.It’sstrangethatshedoesn’tcometoday.
23.ItwasinthelibrarythatIcometoday.
24.Helikesdrawingattimeswhenheisn’tworking.
25.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.
26.Springcomingon,thetreeturnedgreen.
二.找賓語補足語
1.Thetelescopesofthe1600’smagnifiedobjectsthirty-threetimestheiroriginalsize.
2.Theboysharpremarklefttheteacherspeechless.
3.Thechairmanhasdeclaredthemeetingover.
4.Iprefermysteakmedium.
5.Dicksetthecagedanimalsfree.
6.Thepotcallsthekettleblack.
三.選擇題
A
1.Let____doitagain.
A.IB.meC.heD.she
2.Idon'tknow___.
A.howtodoB.whattodoC.wheretodoD.whentodo
B
1、Isawhim___basketballwithJackanhourago.
http://m.okwtrl.com layC.playedD.play
2、Sorry,we'vekeptyou___foralongtime.
A.waitedB.singC.standD.waiting
3、Theteachertoldus____lateagain.
A.aren'tbeB.don'tbeC.nottobeD.notbe
4、Wefindtheroomvery___.
A.warmB.warmlyC.terriblyD.hardly
C
1、Ifound___difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.
A.itB.itsC.thatD.those
2、Weallknow___ourdutytocleanourclassroomafterschooleveryday.
A.thatB.thisC.whichD.it
3、Hefound___veryinterestingtoplaywiththelittledog.
A.whatB.itC./D.thatG
D
1Tomsaidhe___agooddreamyesterdayevening.
A.dreamB.dreamedC.haveD.has
2Children___ahappylifeinChina.
A.leadB.livingC.hasD.leadingH
E
1.America,JapanandCanadaare___countries.
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2.-___skirtisthatonthechair?
-Letmesee.Oh,no,it'snotmine.
A.WhoseB.WhatC.Who'sD.Which
3.Doyouhaveanything___?
A.sayingB.tosayC.saidD.say
4.Look,thereisan___treebythewall.
A.appleB.apple'sC.apples'D.apples
5.Whereis____seat?
A.yoursB.yourC.youD.yourselvesI
F
1.Theboxis___heavyforher___carry.
A.very;toB.too;nottoC.too;toD.verytoo;to
2.-___didyoubuythenewbag?
-LastMonday.
A.WhereB.HowC.WhenD.Who
3.Youcanseethesesignsinahospital.___canyouseethem?
A.WhereelseB.WhereplaceelseC.WhereelseplaceD.Elsewhere
4.Theywentout___theiroldfriends.
A.visitB.visitingC.tovisitD.visited
5.Thereisawideriver____ourvillage.
A.outsideB.overC.fromD.belowJ
G
1.Theyoungman,___worksintheoffice.
A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.me
2.OurEnglishteacher,___oftenhelpsuswithstudy.
A.Mrs.WangB.Mrs.WangC.Mrs.Wang's.D.ofhim
3.___,somerailwayworkersarebusyrepairingthetrain.
A.ThemB.HeC.TheyD.Their
初中英語句子成分和句子結構講解及練習
初中英語句子成分和句子結構講解及練習
主語(subject):句子說明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)Helikesdancing.(代詞)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數詞)Seeingisbelieving.(動名詞)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主語從句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主語,主語從句是真正主語)
謂語(predicate):說明主語的動作、狀態和特征。
WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
表語(predicative):系動詞之后的成分,表示主語的性質、狀態和特征。
Heisateacher.(名詞)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代詞)
Fiveandfiveisten.(數詞)Heisasleep.(形容詞)
Hisfatherisin.(副詞)Thepictureisonthewall.(介詞短語)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容詞化的分詞)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表語從句)
(常見的系動詞有:be,sound(聽起來),look(看起來),feel(摸起來,smell(聞起來),taste(嘗、吃起來),
remain(保持,仍是),feel(感覺)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.
賓語:
1)動作的承受者-----動賓
IlikeChina.(名詞)Hehatesyou.(代詞)
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(數詞)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(動名詞)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(賓語從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓
Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)雙賓語-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
賓補:對賓語的補充,全稱為賓語補足語。
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)
1
一、主語(subject):句子說明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)
Helikesdancing.(代詞)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數詞)
Seeingisbelieving.(動名詞)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(主語從句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
(It形式主語,主語從句是真正主語)
二、謂語(predicate):說明主語的動作、狀態和特征。
WestudyEnglish.
Heisasleep.
三、表語(predicative):系動詞之后的成分,表示主語的性質、狀態和特征。
Heisateacher.(名詞)
Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代詞)
Fiveandfiveisten.(數詞)
Heisasleep.(形容詞)
Hisfatherisin.(副詞)
Thepictureisonthewall.(介詞短語)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容詞化的分詞)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表語從句)
常見的系動詞有:be,sound(聽起來),look(看起來),feel(摸起來),smell(聞起來),
taste(嘗、吃起來),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感覺)….
Itsoundsagoodidea.
Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.
Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.
Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.
NowIfeeltired.
三、賓語:
1)動作的承受者——動賓
IlikeChina.(名詞)
2
Hehatesyou.(代詞)
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(數詞)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(動名詞)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(賓語從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞——介賓
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)雙賓語——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.
Givethepoormansomemoney.
四、賓補:對賓語的補充,全稱為賓語補足語。
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容詞)
Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介詞短語)
Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(帶to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(現在分詞)
I’llhavemybikerepaired.(過去分詞)
五、主補:對主語的補充。
Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
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六、定語:修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名詞)
Heisourfriend.(代詞)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(數詞)
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容詞)
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)
TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(現在分詞)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(過去分詞)
Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定語從句)
七、狀語:用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。
Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.
Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.
HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.
Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.
Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
記憶口訣:
英語動詞分四種,行為連系助動情。
動作狀態為行動,充當謂語有作用;
連系動詞有意義,不能獨立作謂語,
須與表語在一起,常用look,become,be
助動詞無意義,不能獨立作謂語,
時態、疑問和否定,do,be,will最常用
情態動詞must,can,may,表示語氣和情態,
人稱與數無變化,動詞原形跟著它。
一感二聽三使四看
一感:feel二聽:hear,listen三使:make,let,have
四看:lookat,see,watch,notice感使動詞真奇怪,to在句中像妖怪,
主動句中它走開,被動句中它回來,
動詞let要除外,to詞可來可不來。