GRE數(shù)學(xué)必備的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)有哪些
考生在備考GRE數(shù)學(xué)考試時(shí),是很有必要知道一些重要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)的。下面就讓小編來(lái)為你介紹一下GRE數(shù)學(xué)考試必備的幾大知識(shí)要點(diǎn)吧!
GRE數(shù)學(xué)必備的10大知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1.等差數(shù)列
公差為d
an=a1+(n-1)*d
如題a1=3, an=a(n-1)+3, a100與300比
2.三角形面積
S=底*高/2 , 高(altitude),底(base)
3.圓(circle)
圓周長(zhǎng)(circumference)=2πr=πd
(r為半徑),(d為直徑) 圓面積=πr2
弧長(zhǎng)和圓心角 弧長(zhǎng)/圓周長(zhǎng)=弧所對(duì)應(yīng)角度/3600
4.圓柱體(cylinders)
體積=πr2h
圓柱體的表面積=2πrh+2πr2
5.平面坐標(biāo)系(CoordinatePlane)
Y=kx+b ,K為斜率
X=0求y截距,Y=0求 X截距
6.利潤(rùn) ( profit)
利潤(rùn)=收入(revenue)-花費(fèi)(expenses)
利潤(rùn)=銷售價(jià)(selling price)-成本(cost)
7.個(gè)位數(shù)(unitdigit)
1781的個(gè)位數(shù)為7, 2635的個(gè)位數(shù)為6
8.一個(gè)數(shù)能被11整除的特征
如果這個(gè)數(shù)奇數(shù)位上的的數(shù)字之和和與偶數(shù)位上的數(shù)字之和的差是11的倍數(shù),那么這個(gè)數(shù)能被11整除。
9.百分比的變化
增長(zhǎng)的百分比=增長(zhǎng)量/原來(lái)的量,降低的百分比=減少量/原來(lái)的量
10.中數(shù)(median)
要求得n個(gè)數(shù)的中數(shù),首先要將這n個(gè)數(shù)從大到小或者從小到大進(jìn)行有序排列,排序后:
如果n為奇數(shù),那么中數(shù)就被定義為中間的那個(gè)數(shù)
如果n為偶數(shù),那么中數(shù)就被定位為中間那兩個(gè)數(shù)的算術(shù)平均值。
新GRE數(shù)學(xué)的交集并集備考要點(diǎn)
Intersection of two sets is another set with only the members that are in both sets. If the two sets do not share any common member, the intersection is the empty set with no member.
Example:
Intersection of {1,2,3} and {2,3,5} is the set {2,3}。
Intersection of the set with all primes and the set with all even numbers is the set {2} since only 2 is both even and prime.
Intersection of {1,2,3} and {4,5,6} is the empty set {}。
Remember:
Intersection contains only the common members.
Two sets are disjoint if they have no member in common, that is they have an empty intersection.
Union of Sets
Union of two sets is another set with all the members from both sets.
新GRE數(shù)學(xué)的數(shù)理統(tǒng)備考
*眾數(shù)(mode)
一組數(shù)中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)數(shù)。
例:mode of 1,1,1,2,3,0,0,0,5 is 1 and 0。
*值域(range)
一組數(shù)中最大和最小數(shù)之差。
例:range of 1,1,2,3,5 is 5-1=4
*平均數(shù)(mean) 算術(shù)平均數(shù)(arithmetic mean)
*幾何平均數(shù)(geometric mean)
n個(gè)數(shù)之積的n次方根。
*中數(shù)(median)
對(duì)一組數(shù)進(jìn)行排序后,正中間的一個(gè)數(shù)(數(shù)字個(gè)數(shù)為奇數(shù)), 或者中間兩個(gè)數(shù)的平均數(shù)(數(shù)字個(gè)數(shù)為偶數(shù))。例: median of 1,7,4,9,2,5,8 is 5 median of 1,7,4,9,2,5 is (5+7)/2=6
ps:新GRE數(shù)學(xué)經(jīng)?疾毂姅(shù)與數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)的積和這組數(shù)的和的大小。
*標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(standard error)
一組數(shù)中,每個(gè)數(shù)與平均數(shù)的差的絕對(duì)值之和,再除以這組數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)n
例:standard error of 0,2,5,7,6 is: (|0-4|+|2-4|+|5-4|+|7-4|+|6-4|)/5=2.4
*standard variation
一組數(shù)中,每個(gè)數(shù)與平均數(shù)之差的平方和,再除以這組數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)n
例: standard variation of 0,2,5,7,6 is: _ 2 2 2 2 2_
|_(0-4) +(2-4)+(5-4)+(7-4)+(6-4)_|/5=6.8
*標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(standard deviation)
standard deviation等于standard variation的平方根
GRE經(jīng)常讓你比較眾數(shù)或中數(shù)與數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)的'乘積和這組數(shù)的和的大小,可以舉幾個(gè)極限情況的例子驗(yàn)證一下。還有一種題型是給你兩組數(shù)的平均值,方差,比較他們的中數(shù)大小;要注意中數(shù)的大小和那兩個(gè)值是沒(méi)有必然聯(lián)系的,無(wú)法比較。
*幾個(gè)GRE最常用的概念:
偶數(shù)(even number):能被2整除的整數(shù);
奇數(shù)(odd number):不能被2整除的數(shù);
質(zhì)數(shù)(prime number):大于1的整數(shù),除了1和它本身外,不能被其他正整數(shù)所整除的,稱為質(zhì)數(shù)。也叫素?cái)?shù);(學(xué)過(guò)數(shù)論的同學(xué)請(qǐng)注意,這里的質(zhì)數(shù)概念不同于數(shù)論中的概念,GRE里的質(zhì)數(shù)不包括負(fù)整數(shù))
倒數(shù)(reciprocal):一個(gè)不為零的數(shù)為x,則它的倒數(shù)為1/x。
*最重要的性質(zhì):
奇偶性:偶加偶為偶,偶減偶為偶,偶乘偶為偶;
奇加奇為偶,奇減奇為偶,奇乘奇為偶;
奇加偶為偶,奇減偶為偶,奇乘偶為偶。
等差數(shù)列
新GRE數(shù)學(xué)中絕大部分是等差數(shù)列, 形式主要為應(yīng)用題。題目會(huì)說(shuō)三年穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)第一年的產(chǎn)量是x,第三年的產(chǎn)量是y,問(wèn)你的二年的產(chǎn)量。
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